Chapter 15 - Echocardiographic Evaluation of Valve Function and Endocarditis
Video 15-1. This right ventricular inflow view shows severe tricuspid regurgitation.
Video 15-2. This subcostal short-axis view shows mild pulmonic regurgitation.
Video 15-3. This parasternal long-axis view shows a calcified thickened aortic valve that has reduced mobility on the video clip consistent with severe aortic stenosis (AS). While the 2-D image suggests severe AS, quantification of the severity of AS requires Doppler-based measurements.
Video 15-4. This parasternal long-axis view shows an eccentric aortic regurgitation jet, a pericardial effusion, and a dilated aortic root. A dissection flap is visible in the descending aorta. The dissection also involved the proximal aorta.
Video 15-5. This parasternal long-axis view shows an aortic valve leaflet (noncoronary cusp) prolapsing into the left ventricular outflow track. The valve failure occurred due to endocarditis.
Video 15-6. This apical five chamber view shows a vegetation on the aortic valve.
Video 15-7. This parasternal long-axis view shows aortic regurgitation (AR) with the jet diameter occupying greater than 60% of the left ventricular outflow track diameter. This is consistent with severe AR. There is mitral regurgitation (MR) with a left atrial wall jet that makes it difficult to estimate the severity of the MR.
Video 15-8. This parasternal long-axis view shows a “hockey stick” configuration of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve. This is consistent with mitral stenosis. Determination of the severity of the MS requires Doppler-based measurements.
Video 15-9. This apical four chamber view shows thickened mitral leaflets and a ruptured chordae.
Video 15-10. This parasternal long-axis view shows a vegetation on the mitral valve.
Video 15-11. This view is similar to that in Video 15-10, but with the addition of color Doppler. There is severe mitral regurgitation.
Video 15-12. This apical four chamber view shows a tricuspid valve vegetation.
Video 15-13. This parasternal long-axis view shows a vegetation associated with the posterior mitral valve leaflet and a thickened hyperechoic immobile aortic valve consistent with aortic stenosis.